Abstract
We suggest to explore an entirely new method to experimentally and theoretically study the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter based on the triple nuclear collisions (TNC).We simulated the TNC using the UrQMD 3.4 model at the beam center of- mass collision energies √SNN = 200 GeV and √SNN = 2.76 TeV. It is found that in the most central and simultaneous TNC the initial baryonic charge density is about 3 times higher than the one achieved in the usual binary nuclear collisions at the same energies. As a consequence, the production of protons and Λ-hyperons is increased by a factor of 2 and 1.5, respectively. Using the MIT Bag model equation we study the evolution of the central cell in TNC and demonstrate that for the top RHIC energy of collision the baryonic chemical potential is 2-2.5 times larger than the one achieved in the binary nuclear collision at the same time of reaction. Based on these estimates, we show that TNC offers an entirely new possibility to study the QCD phase diagram at very high baryonic charge densities.
Highlights
After about three decades of investigating the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter in binary nuclear (A+A) collisions it became clear that the most interesting phenomena such as the expected chiral symmetry restoration and the deconfineme√nt phase transitions may occur at rather low centerof-mass collision energies with t√he thresholds sNN 4 − 5 GeV [1–5] for the chiral symmetry restoration phase transition and sNN 9 − 10 GeV [1–5] for the deconfinement one
We suggest to explore an entirely new method to experimentally and theoretically study the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter based on the triple nuclear collisions (TNC)
Using the MIT Bag model equation we study the evolution of the central cell in TNC and demonstrate that for the top RHIC energy of collision the baryonic chemical potential is 2-2.5 times larger than the one achieved in the binary nuclear collision at the same time of reaction
Summary
After about three decades of investigating the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter in binary nuclear (A+A) collisions it became clear that the most interesting phenomena such as the expected chiral symmetry restoration and the deconfineme√nt phase transitions may occur at rather low centerof-mass collision energies with t√he thresholds sNN 4 − 5 GeV [1–5] for the chiral symmetry restoration phase transition and sNN 9 − 10 GeV [1–5] for the deconfinement one. The hardest lesson that the community of heavy-ion collisions learned after so many years is that in addition to the A+A collisions we need an independent and reliable source of information about the equation of state (EoS) of strongly interacting matter [6, 7] Sharing this idea, we suggest to consider the triple nuclear collisions (TNC) [8] as an additional and independent source of information. Left panel: The ratio of hadronic yields per rapidity unit dN dy expected for the most central and simultaneous Pb+Pb+Pb TNC to the one√for the most central Pb+Pb collisions (i.e. 3-to-2 nuclei enhancement factor for yields) for the collision energy sNN = 200 GeV. Right panel: Ratio of transversal momentum spectra of the most central and simultaneous Pb+Pb+Pb TNC to the one found for the most central Pb+Pb c√ollisions (3to-2 nuclei enhancement factor for pT spectra) of hadrons obtained for the same collision energy sNN = 200. Since the TNC is a very fresh topic, in this short work we just outline its principal advantages over the binary nuclear collisions (BNC), whereas the estimates of TNC rates and details of the experimental setup we will discuss in the separate publication [9]
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