Abstract
Recent experimental results obtained in STAR experiment at the Relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC) with ion beams will be discussed. Investigations of different nuclear collisions in some recent years focus on two main tasks, namely, detail study of quark-gluon matter properties and exploration of the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram. Results at top RHIC energy show clearly the collective behavior of heavy quarks in nucleus-nucleus interactions. Jet and heavy hadron measurements lead to new constraints for energy loss models for various flavors. Heavy-ion collisions are unique tool for the study of topological properties of theory as well as the magneto-hydrodynamics of strongly interacting matter. Experimental results obtained for discrete QCD symmetries at finite temperatures confirm indirectly the topologically non-trivial structure of QCD vacuum. Finite global vorticity observed in non-central Au+Au collisions can be considered as important signature for presence of various chiral effects in sQGP. Most results obtained during stage I of the RHIC beam energy scan (BES) program show smooth behavior vs initial energy. However certain results suggest the transition in the domain of dominance of hadronic degrees of freedom at center-of-mass energies between 10--20 GeV. The stage II of the BES at RHIC will occur in 2019--2020 and will explore with precision measurements in the domain of the QCD phase diagram with high baryon densities. Future developments and more precise studies of features of QCD phase diagram in the framework of stage II of RHIC BES will be briefly discussed.
Highlights
Numerous experimental results have suggested that nucleus-nucleus collisions produce hot matter consisting of deconfined quark and gluons
During the last years many important results have been obtained within heavy ion program of the STAR experiment
Important progress was achieved for study of hard processes in nucleus-nucleus collisions, namely, azimuthal correlations with neutral triggers show the absence of path-length dependence for neutral pions and direct photons; semi-inclusive jet production demonstrate the possible rSeTdAucRtiroensuolftsmfoedr iduimje-tiinmdbuacleadnceeneinrgAy utr+aAnsupcoortlltiosiloanrsgeatan√gslNesN
Summary
Numerous experimental results have suggested that nucleus-nucleus collisions produce hot matter consisting of deconfined quark and gluons. The intensive investigations within relativistic nuclear physics during last decades provided the some general framework for space-time evolution of nuclear collisions called "Standard Model" for (heavy) ion collisions (Fig. 1) According to this conception nucleus-nucleus collisions at relativistic energies can be considered as the collision of two sheets of strongly interacting matter appeared. Experimental results (see, for instance, [8]) confirm the short duration of the preequilibrium stage with respect to the later thermodynamically equilibrium stages which characterized by total duration ∆τe ∼ 20 fm/c, where the high border of the last stage correspond to the kinetic freeze-out of the hadronic gas τ f r ∼ 20 fm/c Each of these principal periods, τ0 < τ ≤ τp−e and τp−e < τ ≤ τ f r, contains several sub-stages and detailed description is model-dependent for evolution of strongly interacting matter during each of these two principal periods.
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