Trimethylamine functionalized radiation-induced grafted polyamide 6 fibers for p-nitrophenol adsorption

Shihab Ezzuldin M Saber,Luqman Chuah Abdullah,Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil,Teo Ming Ting,Thomas S Y Choong

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97397-y

Shihab Ezzuldin M Saber, Luqman Chuah Abdullah + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97397-y

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Abstract

The method of pre-irradiation grafting was used with the aid of electron beam (EB) accelerator to accomplish the grafting of polyamide 6 fibers (PA6) with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The extent to which GMA was grafted on PA6 was found to be markedly influenced by the absorbed dose of radiation and the reaction time of grafting. Trimethylamine (TMA) was afterwards employed for the functionalization of GMA-grafted fibers (PA6-g-GMA). A range of analyses (e.g., FTIR, FESEM, XRD, BET, and pHpzc) were carried out to determine the physiochemical and morphological properties of the fibrous adsorbent. p-Nitrophenol (PNP) adsorption from aqueous solution was conducted with the resulting TMA-(PA6-g-GMA) adsorbent. The adsorption behaviour of PNP on the fibrous adsorbent was clarified by investigating the adsorption kinetics and isotherm. According to the results, the adsorption of PNP on TMA-(PA6-g-GMA) reflected the pseudo-second order model. Meanwhile, the isotherm analysis revealed that the best description of the equilibrium data was provided by Redlich–Peterson model, followed closely by Langmuir isotherm model. The achieved adsorption capacity was highest at 176.036 mg/g. Moreover, the adsorption was indicated by the thermodynamic analysis to be spontaneous and exothermic. Regeneration and recycling of the adsorbent was possible for a minimum of five cycles with no reduction in adsorption capacity. It was concluded that the fibrous adsorbent could have applications for the removal of PNP at industrial pilot scale.

Highlights

The method of pre-irradiation grafting was used with the aid of electron beam (EB) accelerator to accomplish the grafting of polyamide 6 fibers (PA6) with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)
The outcome of standard polymerization can be accomplished via Radiation-induced graft polymerization (RIG) whilst avoiding chemical initiators
This approach implies that irradiation of trunk polymers at elevated absorbed dose ought to result in higher degree of grafting (DG) materials

Summary

Introduction

The method of pre-irradiation grafting was used with the aid of electron beam (EB) accelerator to accomplish the grafting of polyamide 6 fibers (PA6) with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Biodegradation5, oxidation[6], membrane process[7], and a dsorption[8] are among the wide range of methods adopted to remove of PNP from wastewater Among these methods, the adsorption process is inexpensive, provides a high level of efficiency, is uncomplicated to perform, and permits recovery of both adsorbent and adsorbate[9]. The adsorption process is inexpensive, provides a high level of efficiency, is uncomplicated to perform, and permits recovery of both adsorbent and adsorbate[9] For these reasons, it remains the methods typically employed, for effluents with PNP in moderate-to-low levels. One separation method demonstrating high efficiency for contaminated effluent treatment is activated carbon[10], but this method is quite expensive and presents post-use regeneration shortcomings This calls for adsorbents that are affordable and straightforward to r ecycle[11]. It is typically subjected to physical or chemical modification according to whether the modification process yields novel chemical bonds[14]

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