Abstract
This study performs an appraisal of the adsorptive capacity of amidoxime-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) or abbreviated as (AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA)) for the p-nitrophenol (PNP) adsorption, from aquatic environments via batch system. The AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA) polymer was developed with redox polymerization, and then altered by using hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH). Tools used to describe the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA) were Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, CHN elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption kinetics were examined by pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. Meanwhile, the isotherms were investigated by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Redlich–Peterson models. It was found that the adsorption was best fitted with pseudo-second order, and agreed with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It was described best with the Freundlich isotherm due to highest R2 (0.999). The maximum adsorption capacity was 143.06 mg g−1 at 298 K, and thermodynamic functions showed that the adsorption process was exothermic. Also, following five regeneration cycles, the adsorbent recorded 71.7% regeneration efficiency. The finding in this study indicates that the AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA) is an effective adsorbent to remove PNP from an aqueous solution.
Highlights
Researchers and environmentalists are highly concerned about the prevalence of phenol and its compounds in the environment
The manufacturing of dyes, paints, explosives, herbicides and pesticides, and feedstock involve the utilization of phenol compounds as solvents and precursors, across a wide aDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
The DG value was shown to have shi ed from Àve to +ve when the temperature of the PNP adsorption process was increased from 298 K to 308 K, denoting that the instance of adsorption is spontaneous, while the desorption rate was greater than the adsorption rate when the temperature was increased
Summary
There have been a number of methods used to purify phenols-containing wastewaters, such as chemical. For the purposes of wastewater treatment, industrial dye treatment, heavy metal treatment, polymeric adsorbents and its derivatives (e.g., polyurea, polythiophenes and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)) have been developed.[19] Notably, a number of contemporary studies included the functionalization or surface modi cations of these polymers, for the purpose of boosting the effectiveness and selectivity of speci c pollutants An example of this is where El-Aassar et al (2016) synthesized poly(acrylonitrile-co-styrene) and its surface functionalized with carboxylic acid groups for dye decolorization.[20] the synthesis and functionalization of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) beads with an amidoxime group for the high adsorption of dyes and heavy metals were described.[21]. The kinetics and equilibrium data were investigated in order to investigate the PNP removal mechanism
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