Abstract
An engineered and optimized trilayered TiO2 photoelectrode on Ti metal substrates with synergistic effects for dye-sensitized solar cells has been developed through the combination of one-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanotubes, three-dimensional (3D) TiO2 hierarchical microsized spheres, as well as zero-dimensional (0D) nanoparticles with a large surface area. The advantages of efficient charge-collection, light-harvesting, as well as high dye-loading capability make it possible to achieve unprecedentedly high short-circuit photocurrent density (17.90 mA cm–2) under back-side illumination and thus allow us to obtain a power conversion efficiency as high as 9.10%.
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