Abstract
The Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds, in a dormant or sprouted state, have been largely investigated for their therapeutic activities such as being antidiabetic, antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and as a digestive enhancer too. Nevertheless, there are no studies evaluating the potential developmental toxicity of germinated grains despite the availability of numerous research studies demonstrating the teratogenicity effect of unsprouted seeds. Therefore, this research work was conducted to assess the impact of fenugreek sprouts on maternal and neurobehavioral developmental toxicities on mice. The lyophilized aqueous extract of germinated seeds was administered via oral gavage on a daily basis to five groups of mated female mice throughout pregnancy at doses of 200, 500, 800, and 1000 mg/kg/day and the control group was administered distilled water. Maternal reproductive toxicity was evaluated, and the surviving pups were assessed for their physical development, malformation, and neurobehavioral toxicity by using a battery of tests from birth to the 25th postnatal day. Additionally, the aqueous extract of germinated and ungerminated seeds was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for a comparison of their major compounds. For pregnant treated female mice, no death and no intoxication symptoms have been registered during the test. However, the sprouts' extract has provoked a significant decrease in fertility, spontaneous abortion, pup's mortality, and neurobehavioral disorder in offspring. HPLC analysis reveals an increase in total phenolic compound concentration by the process of sprouting.
Highlights
Medicinal plants have been used since the earliest documented history around the world, as an available and inexpensive therapeutic recourse
Aqueous extract was centrifuged (1200 rpm), filtered, and lyophilized in Christ apparatus. e extract was stored in a freezer at −20°C until utilization
Concerning the offspring’s body weight at birth, there is no significant difference between control and treated groups
Summary
Medicinal plants have been used since the earliest documented history around the world, as an available and inexpensive therapeutic recourse. Statistics show that not less than 80% of the global population continues to benefit from traditional medicine as a primary source for healthcare, for example, Africa, where plants are the most accessible and affordable therapy to the local community [1]. The use of herbal medicine, without any knowledge of their toxicological profile, target organ, and safe dose, is one of the biggest problems of recent healthcare systems. Herbal drugs are used to treat different pregnancy-related problems such as nausea, morning sickness, vomiting, cough, and nutritional deficiencies [5]. The effect of such use is still unclear and unsecure and could cause many health disturbances in fetal life but at the adult age of progeny
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