Abstract
A field experiment was carried out for three years on a Calcaric Lithosol to study the influence of treated municipal wastewater in comparison with freshwater, supplemented with four N or P levels, on soil fertility and on growth and yield of trickle-irrigated sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.). The N concentrations in irrigation water were nil, 30, 60, or 90 mg l −1. An efficient use of N, with no residual NO 3-N in soil, occurred with the additional 30 and 60 mg N l −1 in wastewater and freshwater, respectively. The maximum seed yield obtained was significantly greater in the effluent-irrigated treatments supplemented with N up to 30 mg l −1; with the freshwater, maximum yield was obtained with the 60 mg N l −1. The P levels were nil, 15, 30, or 45 mg l −1. With the effluent no supplementary P was needed for high yield of good quality. It was concluded that with treated wastewater less N and no P fertilizers are needed by sunflower for high yield of good quality.
Published Version
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