Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a major pest of several crops, e.g., Tomato, cotton, pigeon pea, and chickpea suffered by this insect in various parts of the worldwide. Trichocards as parasitoids regarding the different release levels of Trichogramma chilonis were used to evaluate the effectiveness against tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera as well as five insecticides with new chemistries were used to find out the comparative bio efficacy, which were relatively safer to human and environment, i.e., Capital plus (Beta-Cyfluthrin + Triazophos, 41.7% EC) 500 ml/Acre, Commando (Acephate, 97% DF) 62 g, Border (Profenofos + Lambda – Cyhalothrin, 61.5% EC) 500 ml/Acre, Polytrin C (Cypermethrin + Profenofos, 440 EC) 500 ml/Acre, Profit (Emamectin Benzoate, 1.9% EC & 90% Tech.) 500 ml/Acre. We also compared the insecticides with trichocards. There were 3 treatments, T1 Profit (Emamectin Benzoate, 1.9% EC & 90% Tech.) 500 ml/Acre, T2 (16000) of biological control agent (egg Parasitoid) and T3 (control plot). 16000 eggs of the parasitoid Trichogram chilonis, released per hectare were most effective in controlling tomato fruit borer. Out of the five insecticides tested, Border proved to be the best one, followed by Profit and Capital Plus in reducing the percent infestation of tomato by tomato fruit borer. In the third experiment, Profit gave best result followed by the Trichograma. chilonis cards with 16000 eggs per hectare. Among the tested insecticides, treatments sprayed with Border gave maximum yield (6179.0 kg/ha), followed by Profit & Polytrin C. Cost benefit ratio shows that highest net return (46.45 BCR) was obtained with Trichograma chilonis cards released plots followed by Profit. Trichocards are suggested for the controlling of Helicoverpa armigera as best substitute for insecticides. The use of trichocards practice have very effective role to protect the soil moreover, this practice may have significant role to protect the soil and save the natural resources from insecticides pollution.
Highlights
Tomato (Lycopersicone esculentum Mill.) a rich source of vitamin A, C and minerals (Saleem et al, 2013)
The results show a decrease in the population of H.armigera larvae over the period after installation of Trichocards
The population of Helicoverpa armigera decreased as the duration of biocontrol agent increased which shows the potential of parsitoid in controlling the pest
Summary
Tomato (Lycopersicone esculentum Mill.) a rich source of vitamin A, C and minerals (Saleem et al, 2013). Tomato fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera is major threat among the insect pests of tomato causing economical loss (Talekar et al, 2006). Tomato fruit borer is a polyphagous pest in tomato crop causing huge economic loss to different crops (Shah et al, 2013). The most commonly used natural enemy in the world are Trichogramma species (Li, 1994) because they attack many important crop insect pests and their mass rearing is easy. Different species of Trichogramma (Trichograma evanescens, Trichograma poliae and Trichograma chilonis) are being reared in private or government laboratories and used as natural enemy of agricultural insect pests in the world (Hoffmann et al, 2001; Li, 1994). The comparative efficacy of bio control agent and insecticides for the control of tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera was analyzed
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