Abstract
Biological control of plant pathogens has become increasingly possible with the use of fungi, which have a high reproductive rate (both sexually and asexually) and a short generation time and are very specific to their target.Trichodermaspecies are found in diverse habitats and experience various interactions with other organisms. They are used as bio-fungicides owing to their plant-protecting abilities, and they produce a large number of secondary metabolites (SMs) accompanied by enrichment in secondary metabolism-associated genes. This article aims to review and discuss the SMs produced byTrichodermaspecies, including their physiology, mode of action, mass production, and industrial and field applications for the control of plant diseases. We also discuss the evolutionary history, taxonomical gradient, classification, and ecology ofTrichodermaspecies, as well as indirect and direct mechanisms used as plant protectors with gene improvement strategies. Aside from the bioactivity of SMs derived fromTrichodermaspecies, compatibility with fungicides, mass formulation techniques, and industrial applications ofTrichodermaspecies, the review focuses on its advent and progress as a global research pioneer.
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