Abstract
To improve the oil-solubility of nanoparticles, a new technology was used to prepare a kind of lubricant containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. The microstructures of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized via transmission electron microscope (TEM) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Tribological properties of TiO2 nanoparticles used as an additive in base oil were evaluated using four-ball tribometer and ball-on-disk tribometer. In addition, the worn surface of the steel ball was investigated via polarized microscopy (PM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The TiO2 nanoparticles can be completely well-dispersed in the base oil under a new process (NP), which has no significantly negative effect on the anti-oxidation property. The results of the tribological tests show that TiO2 nanoparticles under the NP show a better anti-wear property and friction-reducing property in base oil compared to TiO2 nanoparticles under the tradition process (TP). The main aim of this paper lies in solving with the oil-solubility problem through the combination effect of surface modification and special blend process of lubricating oil. This method was first used to prepare lubricant containing TiO2 nanoparticles and then used as additives in engine oil, gear oil, and other industrial lubricants. At the same time, tribological properties of TiO2 nanoparticles in base oil as a lubricating additive were also studied.
Highlights
Conventional lubricant additives are generally thosecompounds containing sulfur, phosphor, or chlorine, among others [1,2,3] that play an important role in gear lubrication and cutting lubrication.the commercial applications of these kinds of additives are unsatisfactory because of the pungent odor, extreme corrosion, and the poor thermal stability [4,5,6,7]
Tribological properties of TiO2 nanoparticles used as an additive in base oil were evaluated on a four-ball tribometer and a ball-on-disk tribometer, and the worn surface was investigated by polarized microscope (PM) with a Leica DM LP type and with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on a PHI-5702 electron spectrometer using pass energy of 188 eV and Mg Ka line excitation source with the reference C1s at 284.6 eV
No precipitate was detected to the two processes (NP or tradition process (TP)) after the centrifuge test, which which indicates that each kind of lubricant has good stability
Summary
Conventional lubricant additives are generally thosecompounds containing sulfur, phosphor, or chlorine, among others [1,2,3] that play an important role in gear lubrication and cutting lubrication. It can be concluded that both methods (listed above) are classical and have their own defects (the addition of dispersant or usage of surfactant into base oil) for solving the oil solubility of TiO2 nanoparticles. This claim is strengthened by the works of several researchers [3,8,9,10,11,23,24,36,37,38]. The paper discusses the anti-friction and anti-wear behavior of TiO2 nanoparticle suspensions in base oil (nanolubricant or nanofluid) under mixed lubrication using a four-ball tribometer and ball-on-disk tribometer, and presents PM and XPS analysis of the worn surfaces
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