Abstract
Abstract. This study aims to introduce triangulation and ToF measurement techniques used in three-dimensional modelling of cultural heritages. These measurement techniques are traditional photogrammetry, SfM approach, laser scanning and time-of-flight camera. The computer based approach to photogrammetric measurement that is named SfM creates dense point cloud data in a short time. It is low-cost and very easy to application. However traditional photogrammetry needs a huge effort for creating 3D wire-frame model. On the other hand active measurement techniques such as terrestrial laser scanner and time-of-flight camera have also been used in three-dimensional modelling for more than twenty years. Each one has specific accuracy and measurement effectiveness. The large or small structures have different characters, and require proper measurement configurations. In this study, after these methods are introduced, their superior and weak properties in cultural heritage modelling to make high accuracy, high density and labour and cost effective measurement.
Highlights
Many active and passive non-contact three-dimensional (3D) measurement techniques have been practised to measuring cultural heritage objects so far
The 3D modelling of cultural heritage objects should be performed with proper measurement technique to get enough accuracy
The wireframe 3D model is generated by stereo photogrammetry and, represents the details of the object in the form of lines
Summary
Many active and passive non-contact three-dimensional (3D) measurement techniques have been practised to measuring cultural heritage objects so far. Innovations in the image-based measurement techniques are largely related to developments on computer and data processing technology. The automatic image matching by using SfM algorithm enables high density photogrammetric measurement. It does not need any technical knowledge to perform the measurement task. It is exploited for many aims such as topography mapping, object modelling, medical imaging, crime scene visualization and etc (Huang et al, 2020; Previtali et al, 2014). Documentation of cultural heritage which has complex shape needs to use multi sensor 3D measurement techniques (Balletti and Ballarin, 2019; Murtiyoso et al, 2018; Ramos and Remondino, 2015). The aim of this study is analyse the measurement techniques used in 3D digitization of historical objects, and show acquired experimental results
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