Abstract
Ground-borne vibrations from rail pass-bys, transmitted from train wheels rolling on the rails, have the potential to cause various adverse effects at nearby receptors, such as annoyance and re-radiated noise. To assess the impact of rail pass-bys, surface-level vibration can be characterized in three components: one vertical and two horizontal directions. Prior experience, best-practice guidelines from the Federal Transit Administration Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual, and theory of propagation of Rayleigh surface waves indicate that the vertical component dominates the horizontal components, such that vibrations from rail pass-bys can be adequately characterized by the vertical component only. This purpose of this study is to assess the sufficiency of characterizing the impact of ground-borne vibrations caused by rail pass-bys based solely in the vertical direction. Tri-axial vibration measurements were conducted for freight and passenger trains in Ontario, Canada, using a multi-channel signal analyzer for simultaneous measurement of multiple-axis vibration levels. The measured levels were then examined across the three components.
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