Abstract
Syngas from biomass and solid waste is a carbon-neutral fuel believed to be a promising fuel for future engines. It was widely used for spark-ignition engines in the WWII era before being replaced with gasoline. In this paper, the technological development, success, and challenges for application of syngas in power generating plants, the trends of engine technologies, and the potential of this fuel in the current engine technology are highlighted. Products of gasification vary with the variation of input parameters. Therefore, three different syngases selected from the two major gasification product categories are used as case studies. Their fuel properties are compared to those of CNG and hydrogen and the effects on the performance and emissions are studied. Syngases have very low stoichiometric air-fuel ratio; as a result they are not suitable for stoichiometric application. Besides, syngases have higher laminar flame speed as compared to CNG. Therefore, stratification under lean operation should be used in order to keep their performance and emissions of NOx comparable to CNG counterpart. However, late injection stratification leads to injection duration limitation leading to restriction of output power and torque. Therefore, proper optimization of major engine variables should be done in the current engine technology.
Highlights
Scarcity of conventional petroleum resources and advancement in the solid-to-gas conversion technologies has revived interest in the use of solid fuels
The process is called gasification and the produced gas is called syngas. This process consists of many reactions and details about the gasification process can be found elsewhere [2]. This conversion process is believed to be the major source of energy in the future, and instrumental in the move from carbon based to hydrogen based energy [1]: Carbonaceous Fuel + Limited air (1)
This is a name given for a mixture mainly comprised of carbon monoxide (CO) and H2 at varied proportions. It consists of other gases like methane, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide apart from these major gases. It can be produced from different feedstock like coal, liquid hydrocarbons, biomass, and other waste products and the quality varies depending on the feedstock and the gasification process
Summary
Scarcity of conventional petroleum resources and advancement in the solid-to-gas conversion technologies has revived interest in the use of solid fuels. An abbreviation for synthesis gas, is an end product of gasification This is a name given for a mixture mainly comprised of CO and H2 at varied proportions. It consists of other gases like methane, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide apart from these major gases It can be produced from different feedstock like coal, liquid hydrocarbons, biomass, and other waste products and the quality varies depending on the feedstock and the gasification process. Internal combustion engine (ICE) is the most vital technological advancement, playing a major role in the distributed energy power generation for a variable power output requirement. It has very flexible application in moving and stationary machineries. These were the two reasons for the lack of adequate research in the area
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