Trends in the consumption of fish and fish products in Russia

Abstract

Fisheries and aquaculture play an important role in ensuring food security, healthy nutrition and employment in various countries and on different continents. In Russia, the fishing industry is attractive for investment. At the same time, many important issues and problems remain unresolved in the industry. The search for promising directions for the development of the domestic fisheries sector is impossible without studying such an important indicator as the consumption of fish and its processed products. The purpose of this work is to study the indicators of fish consumption and products of its processing over a fairly long period from the middle of the last century to the present. Using the methods of scientific analysis, comparison, inductive and deductive, monographic, the following tasks were solved: the assessment of the results of the fishing industry in the Soviet period by indicators: catch, food production, import; the balance of resources for the period from 2011 to 2018 was considered.; a comparison of different consumer groups (population by age group, households in urban and rural areas) is made; fish and aquaculture production is considered from the point of view of food security, the cost indicators and opportunities of the processing industry are studied, the importance of cooperatives as an important infrastructure element, etc. The conclusions are as follows: despite official statistics, the actual consumption of fish per capita is a quarter less than the norm. For uninterrupted supply of fresh fish to the population, it is necessary: urgently allow the population of coastal zones to fish for personal consumption, develop cooperatives, integrate Centrosoyuz organizations in the value chain-catch/breeding-storage-marketing – sale; adopt a law on raw fish; study the experience of Scandinavian countries, in particular, Norway.