Abstract
Both global warming and influenza trouble humans in varying ways, therefore it is important to study the trends in both global warming and evolution of influenza A virus, in particular, proteins from influenza A virus. Recently, we have conducted two studies along this line to determine the trends between global warming and polymerase acidic protein as well as matrix protein 2. Although these two studies reveal some interesting findings, many studies are still in need because at least there are ten different proteins in influenza A virus. In this study, we analyze the trends in global warming and evolution of polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) from influenza A virus. The PB2 evolution from 1956 to 2008 was defined using the unpredictable portion of aminoacid pair. Then the trend in this evolution was compared with the trend in the global temperature, the temperature in north and south hemispheres, and the temperature in influenza A virus sampling site and species carrying influenza A virus. The results show the similar trends in global warming and in PB2 evolution, which are in good agreement with our previous studies in polymerase acidic protein and matrix protein 2 from influenza A virus.
Highlights
Changes in environmental conditions can rapidly shift allele frequencies in populations of species with relatively short generation times [1]
We need to do so because the global warming is the change in temperature over time
A mutation in protein is an event of changing one letter to another because amino acids in protein are presented as 20 letters, which are neither scalar data nor victors, whereas the temperature is a scalar datum
Summary
Changes in environmental conditions can rapidly shift allele frequencies in populations of species with relatively short generation times [1]. As a result we would see the composition of species, such as proteins, we recently conducted two studies to analyze the trend in both global warming and evolution of polymerase acidic protein (PA) [3] and matrix protein [4] from influenza A virus. It is well known that the evolution of protein family is a process of mutations, and we could represent this evolution if we could represent mutated proteins along the time course. We need to do so because the global warming is the change in temperature over time. A mutation in protein is an event of changing one letter to another because amino acids in protein are presented as 20 letters, which are neither scalar data nor victors, whereas the temperature is a scalar datum
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