Trends in Full-Time Pharmacists' Labor Market Characteristics

Abstract

ObjectiveTo provide a historical overview of the pharmacy profession for the past 30 years, using trends in full-time pharmacists' labor market characteristics. MethodsA retrospective longitudinal sample of pharmacists from 1968 to 1996 was constructed from the March Current Population Survey data. A three-period centered moving average method was used to describe the labor market trends over time. Pharmacists' labor market was characterized by age, sex, race, education, geographic distribution, salary, working hours, and wage. ResultsThe dominant age group among full-time pharmacists was 36–45 in the late 1960s and early 1970s, 26–35 between the mid-1970s and early 1990s, and 36–45 in the mid-1990s. Historically, a significant proportion of full-time pharmacists were white men, holding bachelor's degrees. The number of pharmacists has been highest in the South and lowest in the West. In general, pharmacists' annual salary and wage rates have grown steadily, whereas average hours worked per week have decreased from 50 hours to less than 45. ConclusionFindings suggest a growing trend of three demographic groups: aged 36–45, women, and nonwhite. In addition, an increasing proportion of pharmacists holding “higher than bachelor” degrees was observed. The distribution of pharmacists was highest in the South and lowest in the West. The Midwest has the highest pharmacist/population ratio, the South the lowest. On average, full-time pharmacists in the 1990s work 40–45 hours per week, have an annual salary higher than $55,000 (in 1996 dollars), and an hourly wage rate above $25.