Abstract
Actual evapotranspiration (AET), grain yield and water productivity (WPET) of rice and wheat were assessed in relation to changing climatic conditions over a period of 32-46 years for three locations (Ballowal Saunkhari, Ludhiana and Bathinda) in different agro-climatic regions of Punjab. A large variability in AET of rice and wheat were observed over the years with increasing trend at Ballowal Saunkhari and decreasing trend at Ludhiana and Bathinda. A linear increase in grain yield of rice and wheat was observed at all the three locations. This resulted a significant increasing trends in water productivity of both wheat and rice at all the stations. The water productivity of rice was negatively correlated with AET while water productivity of wheat had curvilinear relationship with AET.
Highlights
The climate change, especially the global warming,has started affecting agricultural productivity to a great extent.Changes in temperature are expected to directly impact water requirements of plants. Mahmood (1997) reported 5 per cent increase in total seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) under 1oC warmer air temperature conditions
The long-term weather data were collected for Ludhiana (1970-2015) representing the semi-arid region, Bathinda (1977-2015) representing arid and Ballowal Saunkhari (1984-2015) representing the sub-humid region of Punjab.The long-term data on grain yields of wheat and rice crops for the corresponding period in all the three regions was obtained from the secondary sources
The water productivity (WPET) for wheat and rice crops was computed as the ratio of grain yield and Actual evapotranspiration (AET), expressed in g kg-1
Summary
The climate change, especially the global warming,has started affecting agricultural productivity to a great extent.Changes in temperature are expected to directly impact water requirements of plants. Mahmood (1997) reported 5 per cent increase in total seasonal evapotranspiration (ET) under 1oC warmer air temperature conditions. The AET of rice and wheat at Ballowal Saunkhari increased over the years (Table 2). Temporal variability analysis of AET of rice at Ludhiana indicated a decreasing trend over the years (Table 2).
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