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Abstract
Abstract Irrigation has a substantial share in total world water demand. At the global level, the withdrawal ratio for agriculture is 69 percent. Irrigation is necessary to compensate evapotranspiration (ET) deficit due to insufficient precipitation. Knowing the impacts of climatic changes on meteorological variables that directly affect the ET is important for successful climate adaptation. This paper analyzes annual trends in measured meteorological variables and in the crop reference evapotranspiration (ET0), at eight climatological stations in Ceará State, Brazil. Two statistical tests for trend analysis were used - Mann-Kendall and linear regression. The results indicate positive trend, statistically significant, in the maximum air temperature in five of eight stations. Minimum air temperature showed positive trend in three stations. Wind speed, sunshine hours and relative humidity presented positive and negative trends. These irregular patterns directly impacted ET0 in three stations. It seems that the increasing trend in ET0 was probably due to a significant increase detected in maximum temperature and minimum air temperature, not fully offset by the decrease in wind speed and relative humidity. The warning from these results is that water demand for irrigation is expected to significantly increase over the next decades on in Jaguaribe River Basin.
Highlights
Irrigation is an essential driving force in the water use management and has a substantial share in total world water demand
For a better discussion and understanding of the spatial and temporal trends in the five intervening variables, as well as in the ET0, tables and graphics containing the results of Mann-Kendall test (MK) tests (Tables 3 to 6) and of the linear regression (β) were applicable
The gray-shaded lines correspond to positive significant trend
Summary
Irrigation is an essential driving force in the water use management and has a substantial share in total world water demand. In arid and semiarid climates or during extended dry seasons, irrigation is necessary to compensate evapotranspiration (ET) deficit due to insufficient precipitation. A report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2014) shows that, in recent decades, the near-surface air temperature has increased significantly. This results in higher evaporation rates, which enables higher amounts of water vapor to be transported by the atmosphere. The main warning from these results is that water demand for irrigation is expected to significantly increase over the decades due higher ET rates
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