Trends in adverse effects of medical treatment in Paediatric populations in the United States: A global burden of disease study, 2000-2019.

Abstract

Adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) pose significant risks to paediatric patients. However, the mortality trends associated with AEMT in this population have been unclear. We aimed to clarify the trends in the incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality rates of AEMT for children in the US from 2000 to 2019. Data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. We estimated age-standardized incidence, DALYs and mortality rates of paediatric AEMT per 100,000 children in the US using a Bayesian meta-regression model. We also analysed incidence, DALYs and mortality in different age groups, and employed Joinpoint regression models to assess the age- and sex-specific trends. The number of deaths due to AEMT in children, the number of cases, and DALYs were 105.1, 551,076 and 145,555 in 2019, decreased by 37.5%, 6% and 28% from those in 2000, respectively. Age-standardized mortality rates decreased across all age groups, while the incidence increased across all age groups with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 2.2% in those children <1 year and 4.5% in 5-9 years of age. The increases in DALYs over time was higher in children aged 1-4 years (AAPC: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.62) and 5-9 years (AAPC: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.50), with the 1-4 year age group being the highest. The study reveals declining AEMT mortality but rising incidence and DALYs, emphasizing a disproportionate burden in <1, 1-4 and 5-9 years. To develop effective mitigation strategies, future research is warranted to identify the causes of increased AEMT in children, especially young males.