Trend in Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Students at Oda Bultum University: A 5-year Retrospective Study

Abstract

<i>Background</i>: The impact of intestinal parasitic infections is not limited to morbidity and mortality, but also extends to impaired cognitive abilities and intellectual deficits in students. However, no known programmed control or prevention interventions are available for university students in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine trends in intestinal parasitic infections among students at Oda Bultum University. <i>Methods</i>: A retrospective study was conducted among students suspected of having intestinal parasitic infections between 2019 and 2023. The Kobo Toolbox was used to collect complete age, sex, and stool examination data from the Oda Bultum University Student Clinic Laboratory Registration Book. SPSS version 25.0 was used for the data analysis. <i>Results</i>: The overall five-year prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among university students was 1036/1902 (54.5% [CI = 52.2-56.7%]). Of the nine different parasites reported, <i>E. histolytica/dispar </i>(24.3%) was the most common, followed by<i> G. lamblia </i>(13.9%) and, among the helminths, <i>A. lumbricoides</i> (9.8%). The prevalence trends over five years were inconsistent. In contrast, the number of seasonal parasitic infections consistently increased from spring (44.9%) to summer (67.7%). <i>Conclusion</i>: The five-year prevalence in the present study was high (54.5%), with an inconsistent trend and consistent seasonal prevalence. There is a need to develop intervention strategies, including health education and regular deworming for the university community. Regular screening of food handlers in student cafeterias is recommended.