Abstract
The mitigation strategies and actions for mitigating the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) from the energy sector become more important and urgent. The main aim of this paper was to present a trend analysis of the emissions of GHG from the Taiwan’s energy sector, which was issued by the central competent authority through the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology. The data also complied with the procedures of measurement, reporting and verification. Based on the official database, the statistics on energy supply, energy consumption and GHG emissions will be connected to analyze the trends of environmental and energy sustainability indicators over the past decades. It showed that the trends of the relevant sustainability indicators based on GHG emissions from the energy sector indicated two development stages: the growth period (annually 5.6%) of 1990–2005, and the decoupling period (annually 0.5%) of 2005–2018. This result could be ascribed to the Taiwan government by promulgating some regulatory measures on energy saving improvement and renewable energy supply during this period. It was worthy to note that the installed capacities of photovoltaic (PV) power increased from 888 megawatt (MW) in 2015 to 5817 MW in 2020. These technological, behavioral, managerial and policy advancements are in accordance with global mitigation strategies. Under the authorization of the energy-related regulations, some promotional actions or programs for efficient energy use and renewable electricity supply were also announced to reach the targets of GHG emissions reduction in the sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Highlights
Taiwan is an island region in the western Pacific Ocean
According to the 2006 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Guideline [2], the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission sources in Taiwan come from four sectors, including energy, industrial processes and product use (IPPU), agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) and waste
The former happened during the period of 1990 to 2005, showing an average annual growth of 5.89%. The latter only indicated an average annual growth of 0.21% during the period of 2005 to 2018. It was positively connected with adopting some regulations and economic measures by the Taiwan government during this period, which included the implementations of renewable electricity generation, green consumption, cradle-to-cradle waste management, cleaner production and energy saving [4]
Summary
Taiwan is an island region in the western Pacific Ocean. It featured its high population density (i.e., 650 people per km based on the population of 23.4 million and the land area of 36,000 km2) and dependence on imported energy (i.e., about 98%) in 2020. Since the Kyoto Protocol, the Taiwan government is seeking a balance between energy security, green economy and environmental sustainability so that the target of a nuclear-free homeland can be achieved by 2025 [1]. These sustainable development guidelines on energy development in Taiwan mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and switch to a more sustainable society. The net GHG emission in Taiwan, making up about 0.6% of the global amount, has grown greatly from 113 × 106 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) in 1990 to 275 × 106 metric tons of CO2eq in 2018 [3] This upward trend can be divided into two stages: growth stage and retardation stage. It was positively connected with adopting some regulations and economic measures by the Taiwan government during this period, which included the implementations of renewable electricity generation, green consumption, cradle-to-cradle waste management, cleaner production and energy saving [4]
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