Abstract
The health of trees has become an important issue in forestry. How to detect the health of trees quickly and accurately has become a key area of research for scholars in the world. In this paper, a living tree internal defect detection model is established and analyzed using model-driven theory, where the theoretical fundamentals and implementations of the algorithm are clarified. The location information of the defects inside the trees is obtained by setting a relative permittivity matrix. The data-driven inversion algorithm is realized using a model-driven algorithm that is used to optimize the deep convolutional neural network, which combines the advantages of model-driven algorithms and data-driven algorithms. The results of the comparison inversion algorithms, the BP neural network inversion algorithm, and the model-driven deep learning network inversion algorithm, are analyzed through simulations. The results shown that the model-driven deep learning network inversion algorithm maintains a detection accuracy of more than 90% for single defects or homogeneous double defects, while it can still have a detection accuracy of 78.3% for heterogeneous multiple defects. In the simulations, the single defect detection time of the model-driven deep learning network inversion algorithm is kept within 0.1 s. Additionally, the proposed method overcomes the high nonlinearity and ill-posedness electromagnetic inverse scattering and reduces the time cost and computational complexity of detecting internal defects in trees. The results show that resolution and accuracy are improved in the inversion image for detecting the internal defects of trees.
Highlights
As a renewable resource, wood is widely used in construction, decoration, energy, and other fields [1]
The stress wave method must drive nails into each measurement point on the trunk due to its detection characteristics; tree needle detection requires probes to be drilled into the trunk [11]
Compared with other non-destructive testing technologies applied in the forestry field, electromagnetic waves have received great attention because of their fast, high-efficiency, easy-to-operate, non-susceptible external interference, and the ability to achieve non-intrusive and nondestructive testing [15,16,17]
Summary
Wood is widely used in construction, decoration, energy, and other fields [1] When defects, such as voids and decay, occur in the trunk due to various natural factors, and its characteristics, will the quality of the wood products not meet standards, but the tree may even collapse in severe cases [2]. The stress wave method must drive nails into each measurement point on the trunk due to its detection characteristics; tree needle detection requires probes to be drilled into the trunk [11]. Both detection methods will cause damage to the tree and cannot be defined as non-destructive testing. With the substantial improvement of computer performance, some researchers have developed progressive algorithms to identify defects in common wood by means of a BP neural network and a convolution neural network, which improves the detection accuracy and efficiency [18]
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