Abstract
Older patients with depression often have a limited response to antidepressant medications. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for treatment refractory depression in late life, but the side effects and risks of ECT often limit its use. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an emerging, noninvasive treatment for depression that has shown antidepressant effects in younger patients with treatment refractory depression. Results to date in the elderly have been mixed, but TMS is likely to develop as a useful treatment adjunct for at least some older patients with treatment refractory depression.
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