Neuroimaging of emotional brain circuitry in bipolar disorder

Abstract

Abnormalities in the regulation of emotion and motivational behavior are core features of bipolar disorder (BD) implicating the brain structures that subserve these functions. Converging neuroimaging evidence supports the involvement in BD of a neural system comprised of ventral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and ventral striatum. Neuroimaging studies demonstrate abnormalities in both the structure and function of these brain regions. Findings in amygdala and ventral striatum in adolescents with BD suggest a neurodevelopmental trajectory for the appearance of regional abnormalities in this neural system. Preliminary studies suggest that mood-stabilizing medications may provide beneficial effects for the structure and functioning of this circuitry. New research directions, including those that integrate genetic studies with neuroimaging research, may provide important insights into the pathophysiologic mechanisms contributing to BD, and point to new strategies for its detection and treatment.