Abstract
Heterobasidion spp. root rot causes severe damage to forests throughout the northern temperate zone. In order to prevent Heterobasidion infection in summertime cuttings, stumps can be treated with urea or Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, the consumption of stump treatment materials and the quality of stump treatment work were investigated. A total of 46 harvesters were examined in May–November 2016 in Finland. The average stem size of softwood removal and softwood removal per hectare explained the consumption of stump treatment material. The quality of stump treatment work was good in the study. The best coverage was achieved with the stumps of 20–39 cm diameter at stump height (d0). It can be recommended that the harvester operator self-monitors and actively controls his/her treatment result in cutting work and sets the stump treatment equipment in a harvester if needed. The results also suggested that when cutting mostly small- and medium-diameter (d0 ≤ 39 cm) conifers, the stump treatment guide bars with relatively few (<18) open holes are used, and at the harvesting sites of large-diameter trees, the guide bars with a relatively great (>27) number of open holes are applied.
Highlights
The root and butt rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (Fr.) Bref. is widely distributed in coniferous forests of the Northern Hemisphere, especially in Europe, North America, Russia, China andJapan [1]
There are three native Heterobasidion annosum species in Europe: (1) Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto (s.s.) has a wide range of hosts and causes mortality to pines (Pinus spp.), especially Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and root and butt rot to Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.). (2) Heterobasidion parviporum Niemelä and Korhonen causes root and butt rot to Norway spruce, and (3) Heterobasidion abietinum Niemelä and Korhonen causes disease to several Abies species in southern Europe [1,2]
The study results the consumption of stump treatment material depends significantly on the average stem size of softwood removal at thetreatment harvesting site
Summary
The root and butt rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (Fr.) Bref. is widely distributed in coniferous forests of the Northern Hemisphere, especially in Europe, North America, Russia, China and. Due to the variation in the stem of removal in thecan forest stand,the with smaller trees, some treatment of a harvester, the size harvester operator control spraying of treatment of the treatment materials often pass through stump in surface because thewith number of open holes in of material. Due to the variation in the stem size ofthe removal the forest stand, smaller trees, some guide bar usually often has topass be dimensioned according to the larger-diameter trees a harvesting thethe treatment materials through the stump surface because the number of at open holes in the site bar [40].usually has to be dimensioned according to the larger-diameter trees at a harvesting site [40]. Mäkelä [41] forecasted his consumption figures of treatment product based on the number of of stems cut and the total area of stump ends treated. Thethe consumption of stump treatment and the quality of stump treatment work (i.e., the coverage of stumps treated)
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