Abstract
Increased global demand for freshwater far exceeds the quantity available for human sustenance. Wastewater recycling processes are necessary and capable of producing large volumes of water for reuse. In this study, raw kitchen wastewater was analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological characteristics before and after biological treatment and sand-bed filtration. The results revealed a reduction in the mean values of the following parameters: turbidity (from 6.9 to 6 NTU, a 13.04% reduction), conductivity (365 to 311 µS/cm, a 14.79% reduction), total dissolved solids (141 to 121 mg/L, a 14.18% reduction), total suspended solids (5 to 2 mg/L, a 60% reduction), biochemical oxygen demand (5.5 to 1.82 mg/L, a 66.9% reduction), chemical oxygen demand (36 to 32 mg/L, an 11.11% reduction), and total bacterial count (286 x 10-4 to 16 x 10-4 CFU, a 94.41% reduction). The kitchen wastewater was suitable for non-potable reuse. Biological treatment and sand-bed filtration rendered the kitchen wastewater useful for secondary applications such as irrigation.
Highlights
Water is a vital natural resource and a primary human need
The results revealed a reduction in the mean values of the following parameters: turbidity, conductivity (365 to 311 μS/cm, a 14.79% reduction), total dissolved solids (141 to 121 mg/L, a 14.18% reduction), total suspended solids (5 to 2 mg/L, a 60% reduction), biochemical oxygen demand (5.5 to 1.82 mg/L, a 66.9% reduction), chemical oxygen demand (36 to 32 mg/L, an 11.11% reduction), and total bacterial count (286 x 10-4 to 16 x 10-4 CFU, a 94.41% reduction)
The study showed that biological treatment and sand-bed filtration were effective and the treated kitchen wastewater was suitable for non-portable re-use
Summary
Water is a vital natural resource and a primary human need. Large volumes of water are required daily for human activities such as food preparation, washing, toilet flushing, and other domestic and industrial activities. Depending on the quality and composition kitchen wastewater can be of low pollution strength and may, contain biodegradable organic components and low pathogenic content. Such wastewaters will be much easier to treat, safer to recycle, and have a high potential for reuse (Bernard, et al, 2003; Michael, et al, 2018). Kitchen wastewater may contain significant nutrient load ( nitrogen and phosphorous) depending on the components in the water. Such wastewater will have the potential to cause algae blooms. The study showed that biological treatment and sand-bed filtration were effective and the treated kitchen wastewater was suitable for non-portable re-use
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