Abstract
ABSTRACT The recombinant human growth hormone (GH) has been used for the treatment of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and diverse short stature state, and its physiological and therapeutic effects are well documented. However, since the effect of GH treatment on metabolic disorders has not been well characterized, we injected GH to Western diet-fed low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr −/−) mice to understand the exact effect of GH on metabolic diseases including atherosclerosis, hepatic steatosis, and obesity. Exogenous GH treatment increased plasma IGF-1 concentration and decreased body weight without affecting serum lipid profiles. GH treatment changed neither atherosclerotic lesion size nor collagen and smooth muscle cells accumulation in the lesion. GH treatment reduced macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. Importantly, GH treatment attenuated hepatic steatosis and inflammation. The hepatic expression IL-1β mRNA were decreased by GH treatment. The mRNA and protein levels of CD36 were markedly decreased in GH treated mice without significant changes in other molecules related to lipid metabolism. Therefore, the treatment of GH treatment could attenuate hepatic steatosis and inflammation with downregulation of CD36 expression in hyperlipidemic condition.
Highlights
Growth hormone, a 22 kDa polypeptide produced in the anterior pituitary, is a potent metabolic modulator
We investigated the effects of growth hormone (GH) on the pathological changes of aorta, liver, and fat tissue in Western diet-fed Ldlr-/- mice susceptible to atherosclerosis, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and obesity
Plasma IGF concentration was significantly increased by GH treatment (Figure 1(C))
Summary
A 22 kDa polypeptide produced in the anterior pituitary, is a potent metabolic modulator. It plays an important role in the immune system, in addition to its established roles in tissue growth and metabolism (Kelley et al 2007). GH promotes growth in childhood and adolescence by stimulating various types of cells and tissues, such as the bone, skin, muscle, immune cells, and cartilage (Caicedo et al 2018). The GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis play a central role in the growth and development of organ systems. GH does not act alone to stimulate mitosis and differentiation in all tissues. GH and IGF-1 promote growth and function in many tissues (Kargi and Merriam 2013)
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