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Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1 Mansour Vosooghi Vosooghi M et al. 1997 Evaluation of Existing Conditions in Addicts' Rehabilitation Center: Case Study of Qarchak Rehabilitation Center Tehran University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences [Google Scholar], et al., Evaluation of Existing Conditions in Addicts' Rehabilitation Center: Case Study of Qarchak Rehabilitation Center (University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 1997), p. 4. 2 See further J. Wrrag Wrrag J 1999 An Evaluation of a Model Drug Education, National Campaign Against Drug Abuse Monograph series 22 Canberra Australian Government Publishing Services [Google Scholar], An Evaluation of a Model Drug Education, National Campaign against Drug Abuse (Australain Government Publishing Services), pp. 75–89. 3 Herbert Spencer Spencer H 1896 The Principles of Sociology 3 vols New York Appleton [Google Scholar], The Principles of Sociology, 3 vols. (Appleton, 1896); and idem, The Evolution of Society: Selections from Herbert Spencer, Principles of Sociology (University of Chicago Press, 1967 Spencer H 1967 The Evolution of Society: Selections from Herbert Spencer, Principles of Sociology Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press [Google Scholar]). 4 Vosooghi Vosooghi M et al. 1997 Evaluation of Existing Conditions in Addicts' Rehabilitation Center: Case Study of Qarchak Rehabilitation Center Tehran University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences [Google Scholar], et al., Evaluation of Existing Conditions in Addicts' Rehabilitation Center, p. 68. 5 Robert K. Merton Merton RK 1968 Social Theory and Social Structure enlarged ed. New York The Free Press [Google Scholar], Social Theory and Social Structure, enlarged edition (The Free Press, 1968); and idem, On Theoretical Sociology Merton RK 1967 On Theoretical Sociology New York The Free Press [Google Scholar] (The Free Press, 1967). 6 Erwin Harden Sutherland Sutherland EH 1966 Principles of Criminology 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA University of Pennsylvania Press [Google Scholar], Principles of Criminology, 7th ed. (Pennsylvania University Press, 1966). 7 Ministry of Health Ministry of Health 2004 Illicit Drug Usage, 1382–83 [2003–2004] Tehran Ministry of Health [Google Scholar], ‘Illicit Drug Usage, 1382–83 [2003–2004]’ (Ministry of Health, 2004). 8 Sedigh Sarvestani Sarvestani S 2004 Social Pathology [in Persian] Tehran AN Publication House [Google Scholar], Social Pathology [in Persian] (AN Publication House, 2004), p. 155. 9 See further Kouroush Amini Amini K 1990 Reasons Behind the Return of Addicts to Governmental De-toxification Centers in the City of Hamedan [in Persian] MA thesis Shahid Beheshti University Tehran [Google Scholar], ‘Reasons behind the Return of Addicts to Governmental Detoxifiction Centers in the City of Hamedan’ [in Persian], M.A. thesis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, pp. 35–39. 10 The SROLE scale is used to measure social alienation. 11 The Schwartz scale is used to measure political alienation. 12 Alireza Mohseni-Tabrizi Mohseni Tabrizi A 2002 Depression and addiction [in Persian] Scientific and Research Quarterly Drug abuse studies 1 1 [Google Scholar], ‘Depression and Addiction’ [in Persian], Scientific and Research Quarterly, Drug Abuse Studies, 1, no. 1: 17. 13 The Lickert Format is a social psychological scale to measure some attitudes and behaviors. 14 J. Orang Orang J 1987 Research on Addiction Identification, Models, Prevention and Treatment Methods [in Persian] Tehran Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance [Google Scholar], ‘Research on Addiction Identification, Models, Prevention and Treatment Methods’ [in Persian] (Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance), p. 47. 15 Alireza Mir Fakari Mir Fakharai A 1999 What is Addiction, Who is an Addict? 2nd ed., [in Persian] Tehran Vahedi Publication House [Google Scholar], What is Addiction, Who is an Addict?, 2nd ed. (Vahedi Publication House, 1999), p. 15. 16 Mohseni-Tabrizi, ‘Depression and Addiction,’ p. 19. 17 For the Schwartz Scale, see note 11. 18 Data in the table was collected during the field research. 19 Vosooghi Vosooghi M et al. 1997 Evaluation of Existing Conditions in Addicts' Rehabilitation Center: Case Study of Qarchak Rehabilitation Center Tehran University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences [Google Scholar], Evaluation, p. 27.

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