Treatment and prophylaxis of moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature neonates

A.V Bolonska,O.Yu Sorokina

doi:10.26641/2307-0404.2021.3.241961

Abstract

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature neonates leads to physical and mental developmental disorders and behavioral problems and associated with frequent rehospitalizations and long hospital stay. Study objective: to study the predictors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia development in premature neonates in structure of intensive care. Study design: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed in 127 children recruited from two NICU of Dnipro between January 2016 to March 2020. Inclusion criteria: preterm neonates 28-32 gestation weeks with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Results demonstrated that every day of mechanical ventilation, supplemental oxygen with FiO2 more than 30% and cardiac drugs usage increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia development by 15-20%. In conclusion, finding out predictors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia helps to improve and prudently use usual treatment regimens in premature neonates and decrease the frequency of moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Highlights

Treatment and prophylaxis of moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature neonates
There was no significant difference in sex distribution between neonates from noninvasive ventilation with pressure control (NIV PC) group: boys 31 (57.4%), girls 23 (42.5%) and in continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) group: boys (49.3%) and girls (50.6%), p=0.16
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was diagnosed in 48% of premature neonates at 36th week of postconceptual age (PCA) or on discharge from hospital

Summary

Introduction

Treatment and prophylaxis of moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature neonates. Study objective: to study the predictors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia development in premature neonates in structure of intensive care. Finding out predictors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia helps to improve and prudently use usual treatment regimens in premature neonates and decrease the frequency of moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Метою цього дослідження стало визначення предикторів розвитку середньотяжкої та тяжкої бронхолегеневої дисплазії в структурі інтенсивної терапії передчасно народжених новонароджених. The incidence of severe forms of BPD in different countries ranges from 17% to 75%, as studies vary significantly depending on gestational age, birth weight, survival rate [3]. Extubation is a priority that determines the need to study all available methods of respiratory support when weaning a patient from a ventilator [29]. Extubation with a transition to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with a pressure of 7-9 cm H2O or on noninvasive ventilation with pressure control (NIV PC) may increase the chances of success [7]

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Conclusion