Treaties and Memorials: Interpreting Horseshoe Bend National Military Park

Abstract

MARY-ELLEN CUMMINGS is an assistant professor of English at Auburn University. She has published on the image of the Indian in popular fiction and is currently at work on a rhetorical study of the strategies employed by both sides in treaty negotiations between Native Americans and the U.S. Her Ph.D. is from the University of Washington. CAROLINE GEBHARD received her Ph.D. from the University of Virginia. Specializing in nineteenth-century American literature and culture, she is an assistant professor of English at Tuskegee University in Tuskegee, Alabama. She has published essays on nineteenthcentury women authors and has a forthcoming essay on the role of the plantation myth in Southern culture. She is currently working on the emergence of the African-American media in the late nineteenth century. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of John Reid and the staff at the Horseshoe Bend National Military Park; however, all the views expressed here are their own.