Abstract
The paper studies the fault location principles of multi-terminal direct-current (MTDC) hybrid transmission systems based on line-commutated converter (LCC) and modular multi-level converter (MMC). Two issues should be addressed: i) the travelling wave (TW) fault location principle adaptable for the hybrid multi-terminal transmission system; and ii) the algorithm of obtaining frequency-dependent characteristic of the TW signal. In the paper, a novel TW fault location principle adaptable for the LCC–MMC–MTDC hybrid transmission lines is developed based on the frequency-dependent characteristic of TW signal. Firstly, the frequency-dependent characteristic of HVDC transmission line is studied. Secondly, a novel TW fault location principle is proposed, comprised of TW arrival time detection, TW propagation velocity calculation, fault section identification and fault location method. A typical ±400kV LCC–MMC–MTDC hybrid system is constructed using PSCAD/EMTDC for case study to validate the accuracy of the proposed principle. Its robustness against fault location, fault resistance and fault type is well demonstrated.
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