Abstract
Objective Traumatic dental injury (TDI) is a common dental concern among children worldwide. We performed a retrospective patient register study among children under 18 years to investigate TDIs with respect to causes, treatment, and complications. Materials and Methods We collected information on TDIs from the original patient records of 407 child patients visiting dental clinic of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. We analyzed all child patients’ ( n = 407) background, cause, type of TDI, treatment, complications, and time elapsed from injury to visit to the dentist. Statistical Analysis The χ 2 -test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests served in the statistical analyses. Results A total of 579 TDI cases occurred during 2010 to 2016. Lateral luxation (19.8%) and intrusion (14.8%) occurred more often in the primary than the permanent dentition ( p < 0.05). The most common cause of TDI was falling (56%). Avulsion occurred in approximately 10% of cases. Follow-up (44.5%) and tooth extraction (48.3%) were the most frequent treatments in the primary and splinting (25.3%) in the permanent teeth. Pulp necrosis was the most frequent complication in primary (92%) and permanent (54%) dentition. About 1% of the patients obtained dental care during the first hour after injury. Conclusion The most frequent TDIs included lateral luxation in primary teeth and enamel-dentine fractures in permanent teeth. We observed a delay in patients obtaining emergency dental care.
Highlights
Dental traumas are injuries to the teeth, periodontium, and surrounding soft tissues
Our aim was to investigate the causes of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), time elapsed from injury to first visit to the dentist, treatment method, and complications in children under 18 years
We analyzed the medical records of 407 TDI patients (62% boys and 38% girls) aged up to 18 years. ►Table 2 presents the demographic characteristics of the study participants
Summary
Dental traumas are injuries to the teeth, periodontium, and surrounding soft tissues. They are quite common in dentistry, comprising 5% of all traumatic injuries in people seeking first aid and up to 17% of all bodily injuries among preschool children.[1]. Children and adolescents experience mild or severe dental traumas from various causes, such as unsafe playing on playgrounds, accidents at schools, accidents in car crashes, or violence.[2] According to Andersson,[1] the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children and adolescents is approximately 20% and varies little. Restoration (GIC, composite), pulp capping (Ca(OH)[2]; MTA); pulpotomy; root canal treatment; tooth splinting; tooth extraction; and orthodontic extrusion of a traumatically intruded tooth Complications Fractures: enamel infraction, enamel fracture, enamel-dentine fracture, enamel-dentine-pulp fracture, uncomplicated crown-root fracture (without pulp involvement), complicated crown-root fracture (with pulp involvement), root fracture, alveolar fracture. luxations: concussion, subluxation, extrusion, lateral luxation, intrusion, and avulsion
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