Abstract
Introduction: Study of traumatic dental injuries (TDI);a common dental emergencycan facilitate planning of preventive measures, better assessment and carry out treatment effectively. Objective: To determine the gender and age difference in TDIs, etiology, intra-oral soft-tissue and bony injuries, types of tooth fractures and luxation injuries. Also to find out the association between the type of TDI and malocclusion, overjet and lip competency.Materials & Method: This cross-sectional study comprised of 121 patients with the history of TDI. Thorough history and clinical examination was done and data were statistically analyzed (confidence interval of 95% and statistical significance set at p≤0.05).Result: Males were more prone to injuries with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5:1. Fall and road traffic accidents were the most common cause of injuries and males were more prone to injuries due to fall (p=0.047). The main etiologies of TDIs were fall and RTA in children and adults respectively. Children had more luxation injuries, while adults had more tooth fractures. Permanent maxillary central incisors were most common to sustain tooth fracture and enamel-dentin fracture were the most common types of injuries. No statistically significant association was found between overjet and tooth fractures (p=0.19), luxation injuries (p=0.24), softtissue injuries and bony injuries (p=0.42). Similarly, no significant association was found between lip competency and dental injuries.Conclusion: Cohort studies must be conducted to associate risk factors and TDIs.
Highlights
Study of traumatic dental injuries (TDI);a common dental emergencycan facilitate planning of preventive measures, better assessment and carry out treatment effectively
The present study showed that males had greater risk for TDIs, which is in agreement with other studies.[4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
Females were more prone to TDIs because of road traffic accidents (RTA) and most of them sustained luxation injuries compared to male counterparts
Summary
Study of traumatic dental injuries (TDI);a common dental emergencycan facilitate planning of preventive measures, better assessment and carry out treatment effectively. The common reasons for dental emergencies are dental trauma (66%), followed by dental infections, oral bleeding and temporomandibular joint disorders.[1] The incidence of dental trauma has increased during the last 10-20 years and it has been suggested that it will soon exceed that of dental caries and periodontal disease.[2]. Traumatic force to the teeth or periodontium can cause destruction in a variety of directions and of a variety of magnitudes.[3] Traumatic injuries are classified into various fractures and luxation types, but combination injuries often occur.[3] these injuries are usually associated with other types of maxillofacial injuries and soft tissue injuries. These injuries may affect quality of life (QoL), psychological problem, pain, loss of function, speech, esthetics and may lead to pulpal necrosis and periapical pathosis
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