Abstract
Inflammatory diarrhea of infectious origin is defined as diarrhea with feces that may include mucus or blood accompanied by abdominal pain, rectal tenesmus, and fever. It requires a therapeutic approach that is mainly based on proper hydration and diet. It is essential to identify situations which require empirical antibiotic treatment, as it is not indicated in all patients. It is administered when there is severe disease (diarrhea with blood or mucus, more than six bowel movements per day, fever higher than 38.5° C, dehydration/hypovolemia that requires hospitalization, or intense abdominal pain) or certain patient risk factors are present (patients younger than 12 months or older than 50 years; immunosuppressed patients; or patients with significant heart, valvular, or atrial disease). Treatment with antimotility agents is not recommended in inflammatory diarrhea due to risk of perpetuating the infection and leading to more severe cases.
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