Tratamiento de las infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent causes of infection at both the nosocomial and community levels. Infections caused by this microorganism generate significant morbidity and mortality and are associated with a high medical cost. In fact, staphylococal bacteremia mortality may be as high as 60% depending on the resistance profile and type of patient. The resistance of S. aureus to penicillin is a fact since penicillin began to be used massively in the 1940s. Shortly afterwards, the first methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) appeared initially in the hospital setting. Today, community-accquired MRSA has become more important than nosocomial in some countries such as the USA. For many years, glycopeptides, and in particular vancomycin, have been the antimicrobial of choice to treat these infections. However, in recent years we have witnessed a progressive increase in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) to vancomycin (MIC creep) which has been a new setback for the treatment of these infections. Linezolid, tigecycline and daptomycin have been alternatives to the glycopeptides that have been used in the last 10 years, however, there have also emerged resistances that have limited its use. After many years without new antimicrobials, new options such as Dalvabancina, Ceftarolina or Tedizolid have recently appeared.