Abstract
Sleep disorders are very important in clinical practice due to their prevalence and impact on health and quality of life. The most common problems are insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, respiratory disorders, or abnormal movements or behaviors during sleep. A detailed, targeted case history, specifically recording the impression of bedfellows or family members, is essential. Sleep tests performed in the laboratory (polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test) are fundamental in the diagnosis of certain sleep disorders (such as sleep-related breathing disorders or central hypersomnias) or in specific populations (such as children or individuals with comorbid medical disorders). Technological advances allow the use of other methods to evaluate a patient's sleep, such as respiratory polygraphy, actigraphy, or applications connected to smart devices. Advances in the research of the physiopathology of these disorders has allowed for the development of specific medications and new treatments. However, a multidisciplinary approach is essential for the proper management of these diseases, which includes improving sleep hygiene and cognitive behavioral therapy.
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