Abstract
Transverse mode characteristics and control for vertical-cavity top-surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are discussed. A spatial filtering concept for the control of VCSEL transverse modes that allows over 1.5-mW single TEM/sub 00/ transverse mode emission to be routinely achieved from continuous-wave electrically excited VCSELs is introduced. Without spatial filtering, L-I and V-I kinks are observed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
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