Transurethral Resection For Bladder Cancer Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Induced Fluorescence Endoscopy Versus White Light Endoscopy

Abstract

Endoscopy done under fluorescence induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid has proved to be a procedure with high sensitivity for detecting transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. In this multicenter, parallel group, phase III study we compared 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence endoscopy guided transurethral bladder resection with transurethral bladder resection done using only white light endoscopy. The proportion of tumor-free resected cases in the 2 groups was evaluated. After patient stratification according to participating centers and European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer risk score 65 and 64 were randomized to the 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence and white light endoscopy groups, respectively. Residual tumor was evaluated in the 2 groups by repeat transurethral resection 10 to 14 days later. Analysis was performed according to the intent to treat principle with all patients randomized, followed by per protocol analysis. Intent to treat analysis revealed that in the white light endoscopy group 40.6% of cases were resected tumor-free at primary resection, whereas with 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence endoscopy guided transurethral resection 61.5% were resected tumor-free (p <0014). On protocol analysis 46.9% patients in the white light and 67.3% in the 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence endoscopy groups were resected tumor-free (p <0.031). No difference was noted in the 2 groups in regard to side effects or laboratory findings. The risk of residual tumor after transurethral resection of transitional cell carcinoma is significantly decreased by 5-aminolevulinic acid fluorescence endoscopy.