Abstract
A series of experiments were conducted to characterize a novel restorative material. We explored the effect on biological, physical and chemical properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC) adding-the naturally occurring tt-farnesol (900 mM). Two groups were accomplished for all assays: GIC+tt-farnesol and GIC (control). Biological assays: 1) agar diffusion against some cariogenic bacteria; 2) S. mutans biofilm formation and confocal laser scanning microscopy-CLSM. 3) gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, gbpB, vicR, and covR expression; 4) MTT and microscopic morphology. Physical properties assays: 1) roughness; 2) hardness; 3) compressive strength and 4) diametral tensile strength. Chemical assay: Raman spectroscopy. The adding of tt-farnesol to GIC led to larger zones of inhibition (p<0.05), biofilms with a short-term reduction in bacterial viability but similar biomass (p>0.05). Polysaccharides levels increased over time, similarly over groups (p>0.05). Viable and non-viable S. mutans were seen on the specimens’ surface by CLSM but their virulence was not modulated by tt-farnesol. The tt-farnesol increased the HaCaT cell viability without impact on compressive and diametral tensile strength and roughness although the hardness was positively affected (p<0.05). Raman confirmed the presence of tt-farnesol. The incorporation of tt-farnesol into GIC inhibited the growth of cariogenic bacteria but had a little effect on the composition, structure and physiology of the biofilm matrices. Also, the tt-farnesol increased the hardness and the biocompatibility of the GIC, not influencing negatively other physical properties of the restorative material.
Highlights
Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is one of the dental restorative materials options for replacing tooth tissue loss from caries lesion [1]
GIC showed no zone of inhibition for the growth of L. acidophilus, L. casei and A. naeslundii
The tt-farnesol group exhibited the larger zones of inhibition than GIC or chlorhexidine, indicating antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, L. acidophilus, L. casei and A. naeslundii (p < 0.05)
Summary
Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is one of the dental restorative materials options for replacing tooth tissue loss from caries lesion [1]. That fluoride release is efficient only for controlling the demineralization on the adjacent tooth surfaces, since their action on biofilm is still limited [2]. Dental researches have been focused on the discovery of novel natural therapies with pharmacological and biological activities [4], including anti-cariogenic effect [5]. In this context, natural products and their derivatives are the most successful strategy for the development of therapeutic agents. The combining of natural compounds with existing formulations may enhance the antimicrobial action of the dental material, effectively preventing and controlling the caries lesion and biofilm formation on the material surface. It is important to highlight that the incorporation of natural compounds to fluoride highly increase the inhibition of cariogenic microorganisms but without suppressing of local microbiota [6]
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