Effect of discontinuous glass fibers on mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement

Sufyan K Garoushi,Jingwei He,Pekka K Vallittu,Lippo V J Lassila

doi:10.1080/23337931.2018.1491798

Sufyan K Garoushi, Jingwei He + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1080/23337931.2018.1491798

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Abstract

Aim: This study investigated the reinforcing effect of discontinuous glass microfibers with various loading fractions on selected mechanical properties of self-cure glass ionomer cement (GIC).Method: Experimental fiber reinforced GIC (Exp-GIC) was prepared by adding discontinuous glass microfiber (silane/non-silane treated) of 200–300 µm in length to the powder of self-cure GIC (GC Fuji IX) with various mass ratios (15, 20, 25, 35, and 45 mass%) using a high speed mixing device. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, work of fracture, compressive strength and diametral tensile strength were determined for each experimental and control materials. The specimens (n = 8) were wet stored (37 °C for one day) before testing. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer was used to analysis the surface of silanized or non-silanized fibers after treated with cement liquid. The results were analyzed with using multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA.Results: Fiber-reinforced GIC (25 mass%) had significantly higher mechanical performance of flexural modulus (3.8 GPa), flexural strength (48 MPa), and diametral tensile strength (18 MPa) (p < .05) compared to unreinforced material (0.9 GPa, 26 MPa and 8 MPa). No statistical significant difference in tested mechanical properties was recorded between silanized and non-silanized Exp-GIC groups. Compressive strength did not show any significant differences (p > .05) between the fiber-reinforced and unreinforced GIC.Conclusion: The use of discontinuous glass microfibers with self-cure GIC matrix considerably increased the all of the studied properties except compressive strength.

Highlights

An increasing demand for direct filling materials in dentistry has been supported by changes in restorative techniques
Reinforcement of glass ionomer restorative materials is essential and many researchers have focused on improving the mechanical properties by adding various filler types to the glass ionomer cement (GIC) powder component
Experimental fiber reinforced GIC composites were prepared by adding discontinuous glass microfiber to the glass powder of commercial self-cure GIC (GC Fuji IX, shade A3, Tokyo, Japan) with various mass ratios (15, 20, 25, 35, and 45 mass%)

Summary

Introduction

An increasing demand for direct filling materials in dentistry has been supported by changes in restorative techniques. Preserving and stabilizing hard tooth tissues by direct filling techniques are favored over macromechanically styled, destructive preparations with amalgam or indirect restorative materials [1,2]. Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are used in many dental applications due to several unique advantages among restorative materials [3]. Their benefits include fluoride release and uptake, biocompatibility, favorable thermal expansion, and chemical bonding to tooth structure [4]. Reinforcement of glass ionomer restorative materials is essential and many researchers have focused on improving the mechanical properties by adding various filler types to the GIC powder component. The fillers used included metallic powders, hydroxyapatite powders, bioactive glass particles, nanoclay and discontinuous glass fibers [5–16]

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