Abstract
This is a response case. The excitation is the fourth industrial revolution, and it is modelled as a stepped sinusoidal function. The object is transport in the lower-income (high-growth) countries, and particularly Africa. The paper retains the methodological variety of case study. Semiotic questions lead to textual analysis and the calculus of dynamical systems provides the analytical lens. The case allows us to examine possible holonomic controls in the dynamical space (state-society-market interaction). That way, the paper stays central in the epistemological object of case study – explication of reality. Except, here the reality is not a single capsule but two, and the interaction is inevitable: the region must face the revolution. It will need a development frame more robust than the developmental state of the past decades.
Published Version
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