Transplantation of Mature Adipocyte-Derived Dedifferentiated Fat Cells Facilitates Periodontal Tissue Regeneration of Class II Furcation Defects in Miniature Pigs.

Daisuke Akita,Tomohiko Kazama,Taro Matsumoto,Niina Tsurumachi-Iwasaki,Hiroyasu Yasuda,Masaki Honda,Yoshinori Arai,Koichiro Kano,Yoshiki Taniguchi,Takahisa Okubo,Naoki Tsukimura,Rie Takahashi

doi:10.3390/ma15041311

Daisuke Akita, Tomohiko Kazama + Show 10 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15041311

Copy DOI

Journal: Materials	Publication Date: Feb 10, 2022
Citations: 2	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Nihon University, Aichi Gakuin University

Abstract

Adipose tissue is composed mostly of adipocytes that are in contact with capillaries. By using a ceiling culture method based on buoyancy, lipid-free fibroblast-like cells, also known as dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells, can be separated from mature adipocytes with a large single lipid droplet. DFAT cells can re-establish their active proliferation ability and transdifferentiate into various cell types under appropriate culture conditions. Herein, we sought to compare the regenerative potential of collagen matrix alone (control) with autologous DFAT cell-loaded collagen matrix transplantation in adult miniature pigs (microminipigs; MMPs). We established and transplanted DFAT cells into inflammation-inducing periodontal class II furcation defects. At 12 weeks after cell transplantation, a marked attachment gain was observed based on the clinical parameters of probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Additionally, micro computed tomography (CT) revealed hard tissue formation in furcation defects of the second premolar. The cemento-enamel junction and alveolar bone crest distance was significantly shorter following transplantation. Moreover, newly formed cellular cementum, well-oriented periodontal ligament-like fibers, and alveolar bone formation were observed via histological analysis. No teratomas were found in the internal organs of recipient MMPs. Taken together, these findings suggest that DFAT cells can safely enhance periodontal tissue regeneration.

Highlights

Periodontitis is a bacteria-induced chronic inflammatory condition, which leads to the destruction tooth-supporting structures and subsequent tooth loss [1,2]
Various studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possessing sustained self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capability derived from the periodontal ligament, bone marrow, and alveolar periosteal can be effective for periodontal tissue regeneration in large animal models [7,8,9,10,11]
Inflammation-inducing periodontal class II furcation defects were successfully induced in the second premolars of the bilateral mandible at 0 weeks

Summary

Introduction

Periodontitis is a bacteria-induced chronic inflammatory condition, which leads to the destruction tooth-supporting structures and subsequent tooth loss [1,2]. Periodontal regeneration is a demanding procedure that requires restoration of the structure and function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Appropriate cells, signaling factors, scaffolds, blood supply, mechanical loading, and microbial control are essential for creating optimal conditions for successful periodontal tissue reconstruction [4,5]. Various studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possessing sustained self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capability derived from the periodontal ligament, bone marrow, and alveolar periosteal can be effective for periodontal tissue regeneration in large animal models [7,8,9,10,11]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion