Abstract

This paper provides novel data, including from acceptability ratings, supporting a unified analysis of Transparent Free Relatives (TFRs) as variants of Standard Free Relatives (SFRs), rather than entirely different beasts. Two arguments are presented. First, who-TFRs exist, contrary to the view in the literature that TFRs can only be formed with what. Second, who-TFRs degrade following the same illunderstood pattern as who-SFRs. These outcomes cohere better with accounts of TFRs that treat them as similar to SFRs, versus accounts that treat them as virtually unrelated.

Highlights

  • This paper provides novel data supporting a unified analysis of Transparent Free Relatives (TFRs) (1) and Standard Free Relatives (SFRs) (2)

  • We have provided novel data that show two ways in which TFRs parallel SFRs

  • Contrary to the view in the literature that TFRs can only be formed with what, whoTFRs exist in parallel to what-TFRs, and exhibit the characteristic behavior of TFRs in terms of indefinite interpretations and plural agreement

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Summary

Introduction

This paper provides novel data supporting a unified analysis of Transparent Free Relatives (TFRs) (1) and Standard Free Relatives (SFRs) (2). A unified account, of which various versions have been proposed by Grosu (2003, 2016), posits that TFRs wear their structure on their sleeve, like SFRs: internally, they too look like headed relatives (cf John saw creatures which he believed to be raccoons outside) and do not attribute any dual status to the SC predicate.

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