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Abstract
Although recent work has shown natural lignin products are promising to fabricate various polymer based functional composites, high-value applications were challenged by their structural complexity and inhomogeneity. This work specially assessed the potential of four technical lignins for cellulose based functional films production. These four technical lignins were obtained by emerging pretreatment systems, i.e., lactic acid-betaine deep eutectic solvent (DES), ethanol organosolv, soda/anthraquinone (Soda/AQ) and the sodium salicylate hydrotrope, and their phenolic substructures were comparatively identified by prevalent 31P NMR technique. The influence of lignin chemical structure on the antioxidant potential and UV-shielding performance of the prepared cellulose/technical lignin composite films were assessed. Results showed severe organosolv and soda/AQ pretreatment produced technical lignins with higher total phenolic hydroxyl groups (3.37 and 3.23 mmol g-1 respectively), which also exhibited higher antioxidant activities. The composite films could effectively block the ultraviolet lights especially for UVB region (ultraviolet B, 280–315 nm) at only 5 wt.% lignin content. The contribution of lignin phenolic substructures to both antioxidant activity and UV-shielding property from high to low was syringyl > guaiacyl > p-hydroxyphenyl phenolic hydroxyl groups. This work provided some useful information that could facilitate upstream lignin extraction or downstream value-added applications.
Highlights
Traditional packaging materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene are mainly produced from non-renewable petroleum resources which has been causing serious environmental concerns due to their ultimate disposal and non-biodegradability [1]
The detailed procedure to fabricate the transparent cellulose/technical lignin composite films was shown in Scheme 1
It was proposed that the phenolic hydroxyl groups in these technical lignins could scavenge active free radicals through an electron transfer process, endowing the composite films with enhanced antioxidant property
Summary
Traditional packaging materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene are mainly produced from non-renewable petroleum resources which has been causing serious environmental concerns due to their ultimate disposal and non-biodegradability [1]. Cellulose is the most abundant and renewable biopolymer on the earth It holds great promise for a wide range of types of materials’ fabrication such as cellulose nanofibers, films, hydrogels and aerogels for downstream applications due to their abundance in nature, excellent mechanical properties and biodegradability [2,3,4]. When cellulose is subjected to a dissolution-casting process, flexible transparent films with excellent barrier properties could be obtained, which are comparable to those of prevalent plastic packaging materials [5]. These transparent cellulose films are promising alternatives to synthetic plastics for next-generation packaging materials production
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