Abstract
In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication occurs opportunistically due to frequent node mobility and intermittent contact time. In this scenario, the performance evaluation of forwarding protocols by the use of the existing resources in the network is an open challenge, given the different strategies that the routing protocols adopt for choosing the next hop. Through the data analysis of three real taxis’ mobility traces and varying the radio signal range from 50 meters to 1.000 meters, we could contribute to the analysis of the existence of single-radio transmission opportunities and their quantification and classification considering either serial or parallel. Additionally, the inventory analysis of communication resources is done by evaluating the data transmission rate and the beacon overhead impact and by the proposal of a new metric (TOppMi) for the performance evaluation of forwarding protocols. We discuss the impact on forwarding protocols by the appropriate use of this metric, and we show that this metric can be used either for performance evaluation of forwarding protocols or to improve the quality over the consumption of resources in vehicular ad hoc networks. Our metric can obtain the maximum theoretical resource usage independent of the scenario. Either for Rome or San Francisco or Shanghai, as the radio’s signal range increases, the maximum theoretical amount of resources also increases. We could also show that, for the three scenarios, the beacon overhead has an insignificant impact over the total theoretical data inventory available. Furthermore, we classify the vehicles according to the contact time between them.
Highlights
Over the last few years, data transport and ad hoc messaging applications have been proposed in scenarios where the conventional communication infrastructure does not apply or could fail [1].ese scenarios include vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), which use the IEEE 802.11p standard technology for wireless communication between vehicles [2]
VANETs provide an intelligent way to make the transportation of people and loads safer, e cient, and comfortable. ese networks allow vehicles to share a certain volume of local tra c information via hop-by-hop communication [3]. erefore, VANETs are an important and promising technology able to support most of the applications for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) [4], Internet of ings (IoT) [5, 6], and mainly for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs). ese applications include safety, comfort, and e ciency [7, 8]
We have presented the concept of Transmission opportunity (TOpp) in V2V vehicular networks and the importance of their adequate use for the design of forwarding protocols
Summary
Over the last few years, data transport and ad hoc messaging applications have been proposed in scenarios where the conventional communication infrastructure does not apply or could fail [1]. Often in their strategies, forwarding protocols focus on improving the message delivery rates or reducing the relative overhead, among other performance evaluation metrics They do not assess whether their strategy uses transmission opportunities resources properly for the intended application. None of previously cited metric makes use of the resources consumption, transmission opportunities, or contact time to evaluate the quality of any forwarding strategy. Ereby, we can calculate hour-by-hour vehicle density variation and analyze the beacon overhead impact over the resource availability We have executed this process for each of the 24 TVGs. To clarify the understanding of this process, Table 4 presents the generated output file, the data contained in this file, file objective of Parameter Scenario.simulateConnections highspeedInterface.transmitSpeed (Mbps) highspeedInterface.transmitRange (meters) Scenario.nrofHostGroups Group.movementModel Group.traceFile. Path to the ‘THE ONE’-like mobility activation Yes: (each mobility activation input file for input file (∗.csv) each of the 24 TVGs)
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