Abstract
Granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factors (GM–CSFs) regulate the growth and differentiation of committed granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cells1–3. Operationally, the factors are recognized by their ability to stimulate the formation of granulocyte and macrophage colonies in semi-solid cultures of bone marrow cells. GM-CSFs are produced by a variety of tissues, and prominent cellular sources in man include T lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes1,4–7. The factors obtained from most sources are glycoproteins of molecular weight 20,000–70,000. At least two major GM-CSF subtypes have been distinguished in mice and humans on the basis of biological activity in vitro: one primarily stimulates the formation of macrophage colonies, while the other stimulates the fomation of both granulocyte and macrophage colonies1,8. We report here the translation and partial characterization of a messenger RNA for human GM-CSF that stimulates both granulocyte and macrophage colonies. The mRNA was isolated from a human T-lymphocyte cell line, and when injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes9 it directed the synthesis of biologically active GM-CSF.
Published Version
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