Translation Challenges and Strategies in Urdu Translations of English Literary Text

Abstract

Introduction: In the domain of literature and literary writings, where intricate processes facilitate cross-cultural communication, translation has been employed to enlighten and educate audiences regarding the customs and cultures of other groups. Significant differences exist between the source and target languages, English and Urdu, which consequently leads to the manifestation of the fundamental distinctions that inevitably influence translation shifts. Examining oblique translation strategies, including equivalence, transposition, modulation, and adaptation, this study conducts a comparative analysis of Elif Shafak's novel Honour and its Urdu translation by Huma Anwar, titled Namoos. Purpose of the Study: Based on Vinay and Darbelnet's (2000) model of translational shift, the purpose of this study is to examine the diverse translation strategies utilized by a translator when converting a source text (ST) to a target text (TT). The research objectives are further accomplished through the application of Vermeer's Skopos Theory of Translation. Methodology: A meticulous examination of the translation at the word, phrase, and sentence levels, in addition to a system of simple random sampling, followed by convenience sampling, comprised the data collection procedure. To ascertain the translator's application of translation techniques and evaluate their efficacy, the gathered data underwent qualitative analysis. This study investigates the general effects of the numerous instances in which these translational shifts are evident on the target text. The theoretical framework of Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A Methodology for Translation (1958), which Vinay and Darbelnet established, provides the foundation for this investigation. Where oblique translation and direct translation have been identified as the two primary categories of translations and subsequently subdivided into their respective subcategories. Findings: As determined by the study, to accurately convey the intended meaning and message to the target audiences, the translator utilized several translational switchboard operations and techniques. By employing these strategies, the translator has not only preserved the fundamental nature of the source material but also guaranteed that the translated rendition is sensitive to the cultural sensibilities of the intended beneficiaries. Conclusion: The translator has succeeded in producing an accurate and impactful translation that conveys the intended message by utilizing these strategies to surmount the obstacles presented by linguistic, cultural, and contextual differences. Overall, the study determines that the translator ensured that the text remained accessible and meaningful to the intended audience while remaining faithful to the original. In doing so, the translator performed admirably.