Abstract
BackgroundThe translation and cultural adaptation of widely accepted, psychometrically tested tools is regarded as an essential component of effective human resource management in the primary care arena. The Training Needs Assessment (TNA) is a widely used, valid instrument, designed to measure professional development needs of health care professionals, especially in primary health care. This study aims to describe the translation, adaptation and validation of the TNA questionnaire into Greek language and discuss possibilities of its use in primary care settings.MethodsA modified version of the English self-administered questionnaire consisting of 30 items was used. Internationally recommended methodology, mandating forward translation, backward translation, reconciliation and pretesting steps, was followed. Tool validation included assessing item internal consistency, using the alpha coefficient of Cronbach. Reproducibility (test – retest reliability) was measured by the kappa correlation coefficient. Criterion validity was calculated for selected parts of the questionnaire by correlating respondents' research experience with relevant research item scores. An exploratory factor analysis highlighted how the items group together, using a Varimax (oblique) rotation and subsequent Cronbach's alpha assessment.ResultsThe psychometric properties of the Greek version of the TNA questionnaire for nursing staff employed in primary care were good. Internal consistency of the instrument was very good, Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.985 (p < 0.001) and Kappa coefficient for reproducibility was found to be 0.928 (p < 0.0001). Significant positive correlations were found between respondents' current performance levels on each of the research items and amount of research involvement, indicating good criterion validity in the areas tested. Factor analysis revealed seven factors with eigenvalues of > 1.0, KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) measure of sampling adequacy = 0.680 and Bartlett's test of sphericity, p < 0.001.ConclusionThe translated and adapted Greek version is comparable with the original English instrument in terms of validity and reliability and it is suitable to assess professional development needs of nursing staff in Greek primary care settings.
Highlights
The translation and cultural adaptation of widely accepted, psychometrically tested tools is regarded as an essential component of effective human resource management in the primary care arena
Translation The translated tool was completed by participants without any additional external help
The Training Needs Assessment (TNA) Cognitive Debriefing Report revealed some problems in comprehension of completion instructions
Summary
The translation and cultural adaptation of widely accepted, psychometrically tested tools is regarded as an essential component of effective human resource management in the primary care arena. Effective human resource management begins with capturing the profile and professional needs of all groups comprising the health care workforce locally, regionally or country-wide To this end, the adaptation and use of scales and questionnaires already validated in another language proves invaluable. With primary care reform being at the center of a public debate in contemporary Greece, the usefulness of such a tool would be twofold It would further confirm or dispute the emerging occupational profile of nursing staff from the first survey carried out in Crete having used the newly developed instrument "Assessment of Nursing Practices and Needs in Primary Health Care" [5]. It would allow for information exchange with colleagues and professional organizations from other countries, especially EU members, in order to plan joint continuing education courses and professional development opportunities for nurses, midwives and health visitors
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