Abstract
An equivalent viscosity for turbulent flow of non-Newtonian slurries can be determined from experimental data by substituting measured quantities into the appropriate friction equation. This viscosity μeq is not constant, but varies with wall shear stress. For Bingham plastics the Wilson-Thomas model is used to calculate the equivalent viscosity, showing that the ratio of μeq to the Bingham viscosity μeq depends only on the shear stress ratio θ. As θ increases, μeq/ηB descends below unity to a minimum, then rises again toward unity. This rise produces a plateau in the friction factor-plot, which lies below Hedstrõms proposed line for turbulent flow. Experimental data are shown to confirm the predicted trends for turbulent flow of Bingham plastics at velocities somewhat above transition (a condition of interest for commercial operation). A simple equation is derived that predicts the friction factor at the plateau in terms of Hedstrõm number.
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