Abstract
A differential equation of the kinetic-energy balance of turbulence is used in a number of papers to close the equations describing average motion in turbulent flows. On the basis of this relation, a differential equation for turbulent viscosity is obtained herein. Numerical computations are carried out for incompressible non-self-similar turbulent and transition flows in awake, a jet, and a boundary layer; universal constants in the equation for the viscosity are refined. The flow in a wake and boundary layer with high longitudinal pressure gradients is investigated by analytical and numerical methods. Dimensionless criteria determining the nature of the effect of the pressure gradient on the average flow and turbulent viscosity are obtained.
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